Riveting implement



Patented July 26, 1949 RIVE TING IMPLEMENT Sylvester L. Gookin, Quincy, Mass, assignor to United Shoe Machinery Corporation, Fleming ton, N. J a corporation of New Jersey Application January 5, 1946, Serial No. 639,354

, 1 The purpose of the present invention is to provide improvements in implements for installing hollow rivets according to the blind riveting methods set forth in my application for United States Letters Patent Serial No. 639,355, filed January 5, 1946, now abandoned. One of those methods provides for installing a headless rivet and transforming one end of the rivet into a head during the installing process but prior to upse ting or enlarging another portion of the rivet to form a retaining flange or shoulder.

' The implement illustrated herein embodies the same general organization as that illustrated in United States Letters Patent No. 2,358,793, granted September 19, 1944 on an application filed in my name, but the present development includes novel'features related to the methods above mentioned. One of these novel features is a riveting anvil designed to dilate one end of a headless hollow rivet and thereafter transform the dilated end into a head as the rivet and the anvil are pulled one against the other by a rod extending through both of them.

Another novel feature is a spring-loaded member carried by the anvil to abut the structure being riveted and thereby locate the anvil and the rivet initially in positions that will insure projection from the structure of a predetermined quantity of rivet metal required to form a head. The spring-loaded member, after performing that duty, will yield to permit the anvil to advance toward the structure in response to the upsetting stress applied to the pull-rod. I

If the implement is to be used to install a rivet having a' preformed'head as illustrated in the aforesaid Patent No. 2,358,703, the anvil need not be provided with a spring-loaded locating member, nor with a head-forming surface, but it may be provided with a tapered pilot surroundingthe pull-rod. In that event the pilot will enlarge the shank of the rivet and dilate its throat, thereby tightening it with respect to the riveted structure but loosening it with respect to the pull-rod,

Referring to the drawings,

Fig. l is a side elevation of a riveting implement embodying the invention;

a Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the forward portion thereof on a larger scale;

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of a headless rivet having an internal screw-thread;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view representing the implement in the final stage of installing a headless rivet; l

3 Claims. (Cl. 218-19) Fig. 5 is a side view including the pull-rod and a portion of a shaft to which it is afiixed; 1 Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a' portion of an internally threaded sleeve for rotating the shaft; 2 I

Fig. 7 is a cross section of the parts in the plane of line VII-VII in Fig. 4; and i Fig. 8 is a sectional view in which an alternative type of anvil is in the act of installing a rivet having a preformed head. r i i The headless hollow rivet shown in'Fig'. 31s

a cylinder of ductile metal having a thick-walled zone to, a thin-walled zone I I, an internal screw thread l2 in the zone l0, and a counterbored throat 13 in the zone ll,

The implement illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 end-4 is provided with an anvil [4 designed to install a headless rivet. A smooth bore 15 (Fig. 7) extending through the anvil is concentrically surrounded at one end thereof by an annular rivetengaging surface or channel I! of curved section and a tapered pilot l6 projecting therefrom. The outer margin of the anvil projects less than the pilot it. The smaller end of the pilot is of the same size as the bore [5, and is therefore small enough to be forced into a rivet having a throat of that size. The anvil is surrounded by a sliding sleeve l8 normally pressed ahead by a compression spring 19. A stop shoulder 20 of the sleeve is thus normally held against a stop shoulder 2i of the anvil as shown in Fig. 2, and the forward end of the sleeve then projects a short predetermined distance beyond the anvil and surrounds the rivet zone. This factor of projection determines the amount of metal of the zone H to be transformed into a head.

For assembling purposes the spring-loaded sleeve I8 is divided in a diametrical plane (Fig. 7) to provide two equal segmental sections, and the rear portions thereof are tapered to fit into an internally co ned collar 22. When the parts are assembled the collar receives the thrust ofthe spring l9, and the sections of the sleeve" are maintained in their assembled relation by the conical surface 23 of the collar. The sleeve is then free to slide on the anvil, and thecollar is carried by the sleeve.

A screw-thread 25 (Fig. 4) on the rear end of the anvil is screwed into a thread 26 inside the tubular body 2! of the implement to provide a rigid connection. The features now to be described may be the same as correspondingffe'a tures of the implement illustrated in the aforesaid Patent No. 2,358,703. h

"Ihecylindrical internal surface of the tubuzonegugef the rivet along the thread 3'1 unti lar body 21 provides a bearing for an axially movable assemblage including a screw-shaft '30 (Fig. 5), a pull-rod 3| aifixed thereto, a thrustsleeve 32 and atubular plunger-33, all telescopically related to the body; The plunger 33 is individually movable and its purpose isto rotate the pull-rod 3!. For this purpose the plunger projectsfiom therear end of the body 21 and is providedwith a knobtl by which it may be pulled and pushed endwise. The forward portion of the plunger is providedwith a coarse steep screwthread 35 that cooperates with a mating thread 36 on'the shaft 30 to rotate the latter and the pull-rod afllxed thereto. The rear end oi the pull-rod is screwed into the haftand may be otherwise secured, thereto by a setserew inot shown). The pull-rod illlsand; extends freely 7 through the bore of the anvil, and its forward end is provided with a finethread 31 tnatwm mate the thread l2 inlia rivet but slide freely through the; counterboredithroat 13 of; therivet. These elementsgprovide-for coupling the pull-rod "andailtivetxprior to.placing-the la'tter in allele 1 inlthestructure to beriveted.

The motion for pulling the rivet againstthe anvil is obtained from-1a manually operable lever '40 (Fig.1) having apairi o'fgconfrontingiarmsdi thatstraddiethebody ii and are hohed there- J the operator will thrust the rivet into a hole in the structure to be riveted. In Fig. i'the plate 59 represents such a structure and it is herein: after assumed for purposes of explanation to be stationary although it willbe understood that it may be movable without altering the manner of j operation of the tool. I The spring-loaded sleeve 18 will atl'this zst'agleiabut the'plate and 'the rivetwlll be'located-f endwise'with a portion of its thin zone H projecting from both the external andthe inaccessible sidesof the plate 50.

torbra zfulcrlirntpingfl. :A tensionqsprin .i 3inm- I mally holds the lever inlthe position shown. thrust sleev'e remand-the; arms i l :are coupled by pul-lrrod atoi-lextend through 1 it -iFig. 2). --The thrust-sleeve and the shaft 39 areeoupled 1-bit Ia thrust cennection thati permits rotation of' the shattavithout rotation eithe -sleeve. Thieves-w aeerosspinj'dd that extends through slots-in the.-:=body 'I*his' pin is vbored to enable the nection is. provided :afine screw-threadidton the i s-hatt pend mating gscrewethread- 41. inqthe sleeve. -.The-- gage of these threads is 1, preferably thesamea-s-that of the threads lz, :and 3.1.. :I'Ihe connections between the leverto the exiallyi movable; assemblage cause the pull-rod to be retracted in consequence-ofi-swinging.ithe :long armsof the lever toward the body 2], the {extent ofethettravel of the sleeve-32 being indicated in Fig; which loroken lines represent the initial position otthe ferwardend of the sleeve.

To-install aheadless rivet (Fig. 3) th opera-tor wil met-hold 2." rivet between the'idiumhand a finger otpneEhar-rd while; the anvilportieii of the implement rests; 'inthe'cupped-palm of thathand. With the 'other hand will retract .the .knob sd v130. placea sto shoulder- (Ell ot the plungeregainst mashing-.119 zfastenedin the teammate the body 21. Now the shaft 'having; been thereby I partially ,unscrewed :trom the thrust-sleeveifi whiclt rema ined; in its forward position locates, due itogpull of spring d3 the ferwardrend of the .pull-rodiata distance iromzthe just equal; to jthe; length of the; coun-terbohedthroat I3-.of-:th=e rivet Theoperatormay new slidezthe rivet. touchesthe pilot i5. Holdingthe first til Quill-1 push the .knob fl torward asz iar vances in the thread; dl of. the thrust sleeve, the thread 31 is nseam-msaimaseequauye 'thegthreadf bi the. rivet with-out displacing the river from" the piiot is; During-this sewed travel". of the. plungerfls the thrust thereof-is ll;eo. hereby rotating-the snartetend thepull-rod. As the 'tl'lread. iii,oi'-:.the-slaagttqad planner assembled .the .-implement-iand-tennis,

Itwill lie-understood that the spring 19 is then underno compression from forces acting externalli of-ithe tool; its strength being sufilcientto "hold the sleeve I 8 extended beyond the anvil with 'the'stop shoulders 20 and "2! in'engagement.

v At thistirne theamount of the, extension of the sleeve beyond the anvil corresponds with, and;

predetermines. or measures, the amount of the zone H rivet material extending. in front of theplate and .contacting the pilot .1 I16; It :is tliis -mea 'sured portioncofk-the headless .hollotw; rivet which {is about torbe curledinto n externalhead. :-.keeping the asleeve, l 8 in contact ;.with the p1ate=5ll5by slight for-ward pressure insufileient further; to compress: the. spring ,2! 9;;the operator will-grasp the leveriltn aandnthebody. ziljinzaone hand and squeeze .them to. overcomeethexresistanceoffered by the. springs Brand-43., :Theslight torward pressurepzreferred'rto. isjmaintainedato retain contact between tlflie;..='sleeve:idB-zand-:.the. 7 plate 55). 1 he* body, because; of. the handgggrip action; is thereby forced-forward as the thrust sleeve'si the shaft-fi'il "andgthe; pull rod Mteend to Jberetracted It should :be: noted that the riveta -ad b n -WtB =Qmby es of e a and-opposite direction. does not move endwise of the: ,plate 5B and silence fit-S 'endw-ise. location relative to-the-plate'remains as zit was first deitermln'edgby the yieldablesleeve l8 i...e.,' the rivet (considered I as a whole) f and. plate up :not. thereafter. slide with respect to each othehfl The relative movement oijthe.rive't..and-.pull rod with is spect. to the anvil affixed? to thelbodyffli .isib'elieved to.meetwithcumulative resistanceas head forming progresses. 'lh'us'f; theexternalrivetend is' first expanded. by thep'ilot 'IB .taridithereby tightened) and, then the. measured ,pprtionl is fnrthercurledf by thefchanneilf l1 tolcirniiahefid. When this head formed, it" togetherewithlthe anvil i4; -abuts the jplatef' '50 and runner: rolling back of the rivet is prevented probablyibecause fl b mri', b f resistance? fi'Iihegsleeve l8, while stilliengaglngtheplate'dueizd the'aforee said light forward pres'sure, "twill consequently havebeen' permitted to:.rece'de.relatively to" the anvil s thatitlieklatterf at this stage also abuts the plate. The cavity -defined by the channel 1'1, the plate 51) *andt he pull rod 13] 'havingfbeen paoked wi th thi szonerivet"materielillnof'iurther v mas ulin -or the rivetoccurs. -Presumegbly is because the-iorceathich is thereaiter appl ie in "operating/the lever fl il is -expen'dedimore easily inwiokling the thin zone rivetm ateifial i still extending behind the plate, as aty5i'l than in doubling the externalrive end furtlrer 'back' along its ibarrel; Sinee tn eas s -laead con fined'by the anvilan 'plat' 5' now has-a.

resistance to further deformation thejehannel 11,, further retraetion oif-the" pull red by operat I ins ileverz flliwvil -l pull the' thiek zone H) or the rivet toward.- he anvil The efiect'of is-to compress the met fiend-wise im the cce'ss'lble side .ibfi-thef dilate; amozeense ueaot, an nncohe fined portion of the thin zone ll behind the plate 50 and adjoining the zone ID will be collapsed endwise and bulged radially to form the flange 5!. The advance of the anvil to abut the plate, will thus be seen to have left an adequate and a definite amount of rivet material from which the internal retaining flange is formed. The onerators final squeeze of the tool clenches the plate 50 by reason of the outside head and inside flange being pressed toward each other to complete a tight-fitting installation.

The installing of the rivet being now completed, the operator will release the lever 40 and retract the knob 34. As the plunger 33 is pulled back it will rotate the shaft 30 in the direction to unscrew the pull-rod from the rivet. Since the tapered pilot l6 maintains radial expansion of the counterbored throat of the rivet throughout the upsetting operation, the pull-rod will rotate freely when the knob is finally retracted.

If the implement is to be used to install rivets having preformed heads, the anvil M may be detached from the body 2'! and replaced by an anvil 54 (Fig. 8) of the same length but of different design. The rivet 55 included in this view is the same, prior to being installed, as the rivet represented in Fig. 3 except that it has a preformed head 56. Large numbers of rivets of this type are now being used, despite the fact that many of them, When collapsed with too much force against anvils heretofore provided for them, grip the pull-rod so tightly that the final unscrewing thereof is diflicult.

The anvil 54 is designed to prevent such gripping. For this purpose it is provided with a tapered pilot 5! similar to the pilot 15. When this anvil and the head end of a rivet 55 are forced one against the other by retracting the pull-rod the pilot 5'! is forced into the throat of the rivet where it remains while the rivet is being collapsed endwise to bulge the portion 58. The portion expanded by the pilot becomes tight with respect to the riveted structure but remains loose with respect to the pull-rod.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. An implement for blind riveting of a headless hollow rivet to a structure, comprising a main body, a riveting anvil fixed to said body having an axial bore and one end provided with an annular concave groove concentric with said bore and adjacent thereto, a member initially projecting a predetermined amount beyond the grooved end of said anvil to abut the structure, said member being yieldingly mounted on the anvil to recede a distance equivalent to said predetermined amount, a pull. rod slidably mounted in said bore having means exterior to said anvil for attachment of the rivet, and a lever with a pivot fixed to said main body and a second pivot movable with respect to the main body and affixed to said pull rod, the arrangement being 6 such that operation of the lever forces the anvil relatively toward the forward end of the pull rod to upset a length of one end of the rivet equivalent to said predetermined amount.

2. An implement for blind riveting of a hollow rivet to a structure, comprising a main body, a riveting anvil fixed thereto having an axial bore and an annular concave groove concentric with said bore and adjacent thereto, a pull rod slidable through the bore of said anvil having means remote therefrom which may be detachably secured to a hollow rivet, a spring-loaded sleeve yieldingly carried by the anvil and normally in advance thereof for abutment with the structure, cooperative stops on the anvil and the sleeve for limiting the advance of said sleeve forwardly of the anvil and consequently predetermining the amount of rivet material initially projecting from the structure to the anvil, and means associated with said body for retracting the pull rod whereby said predetermined quantity of rivet material is collapsed and confined against the groove of the anvil.

3. An implement for riveting of a headless hollow rivet to a structure, comprising a main body, a riveting anvil affixed thereto having an axial bore extending centrally therethrough and one end provided with an annular concave channel concentric with said bore for upsetting a rivet, a pull-rod slidable in the bore and having means for attachment thereto of said rivet forwardly of the anvil, a member supported by the anvil and normally held yieldingly a predetermined amount beyond the upsetting end of the anvil to abut the structure, the projection of said member thereby serving to equate the amount of rivet material to be upset with the volume of said channel, and means associated with the body for retracting the pull-rod to move the anvil relatively toward the forward end of the pull rod whereby said measured rivet projection material is upset by said channel.

SYLVESTER L. GOOKIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following referenlces are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,447,520 Schade Mar. 6, 1923 1,947,906 Fine Feb. 20, 1934 2,358,703 Gookin Sept. 19, 1944 2,365,834 Olmsted Dec. 26, 1944 2,369,910 Morgan Feb, 20, 1945 2,405,897 Milone Aug. 13, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 362,343 Italy Aug. 23, 1938 614,258 France Dec. 10, 1926 674,722 Germany Nov. 15, 1935 Certificate of Correction July 26, 1949 Patent No. 2,477,056

SYLVESTER L. GOOKIN It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specifi numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 6, line 41, strike out the word projection;

should be read with this correction therein that the and that the said Letters Patent of the case in the Patent Ofiice.

cation of the above same may conform to the record Signed and sealed this 28th day of February, A. D. 1950.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

